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If not treated in time and in a specific way, these infections can lead to even serious consequences, as the infection often spreads to areas adjacent to the vagina.
The onset of a vaginal infection is often the consequence of a qualitative-quantitative alteration of the normal bacterial microflora present both in the vagina and in the intestines, which, as is well known, constitute a natural and effective defence against the attack of various pathogenic microorganisms.
Infections can be caused by fungi (such as candida albicans), bacteria (gardnerella, gonococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus), intracellular parasites (chlamydia), viruses (genital herpes) and protozoa (trichomonas).
Infections can be due to a variety of conditions, such as:
The main symptoms of vaginal infections are:
In the presence of symptoms, it is a good idea to undergo a gynaecological examination: the specialist can assess the clinical situation and, if necessary, request a cervical-vaginal swab, which will confirm or exclude the presence of infection by identifying the pathogen responsible so as to offer the patient the most appropriate targeted therapy.
Once a vaginal infection has been confirmed, topical (creams, candles or ovules) or systemic (tablets) treatment with antibiotics or antimycotics is administered, depending on the infection, sometimes with the partner being treated as a precaution.
It is important to know that all infections, if neglected, could spread and involve the internal genital organs such as the uterus and salpinga.
In the most severe forms, it can even affect a woman’s fertility.
In some cases, relapsing forms may appear, i.e. infections that recur monthly, sometimes with a definite correlation with the cycle.
The disease will be more complicated to treat, as common therapies are no longer sufficient due to the fact that resistant strains have been selected, and the gynaecologist will have to activate a specific one.
Those who frequently suffer from vaginal infections when taking antibiotics for other reasons must take milk enzymes to counteract the normal and consequent lowering of vaginal defences.
During pregnancy, women are more prone to vaginal infections, particularly vulvovaginitis, due to the hormonal changes characteristic of this period.
These infections should absolutely not be neglected, but treated promptly, as they can cause contractions and consequently premature birth.
Monthly check-ups during pregnancy make it possible to detect the onset of an infection at an early stage, to carry out investigations – such as a tampon and/or urine culture – and to start the appropriate treatment immediately.
During the menopause, due to the lack of oestrogen, the vaginal flora changes completely and the vaginal walls become thinner.
For these reasons, although more rarely, infections can sometimes appear.
In the menopause, the appearance of symptoms such as itching should always be investigated as it can be an expression of vaginal infections, but also of excessive dryness or other more important pathologies.
To prevent vaginal irritation and infections, it can help to
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